Hearnshaw J.B. The Analysis of Starlight: Two Centuries of Astronomical Spectroscopy

2nd ed. - Cambridge University Press, 2014. - 367 pp.
This is the story of the analysis of starlight by astronomical spectroscopy, spanning from Joseph Fraunhofer’s discovery of spectral lines in the early nineteenth century through to around the year 2000. In addition to the key discoveries, it presents the culture and social history of stellar astrophysics by introducing the leading astronomers, and their struggles, triumphs and disagreements. Basic concepts in spectroscopy and spectral analysis are included, so both observational and theoretical aspects are described, in a nonmathematical framework. This new edition covers the final decades of the twentieth century, with its major advances in stellar astrophysics: the discovery of extrasolar planets, new classes of stars and the observation of the ultraviolet spectra of stars from satellites. The in-depth coverage of the subject makes it essential reading for graduate students working in stellar spectroscopy, as well as a major reference for professional and amateur astronomers and historians of science.Introduction to spectroscopy, spectroscopes and spectrographs.
The analysis of sunlight: the earliest pioneers.
The foundations of spectral analysis: from Fraunhofer to Kirchhoff.
Early pioneers in stellar spectroscopy.
Spectral classification at Harvard.
The Doppler effect.
The interpretation of stellar spectra and the birth of astrophysics.
Spectral classification: From the Henry Draper Catalogue to the MK system and beyond.
Spectroscopy of peculiar stars.
Quantitative analysis of stellar spectra.
Some miscellaneous topics in stellar spectroscopy: individual stars of note, stellar chromospheres, interstellar lines and ultraviolet spectroscopy from space.